Series I bonds and EE bonds are popular U.S. savings bonds that offer a safe way to save. Choosing between the two can be difficult. The best place to start is to gain an understanding of the terms of each bond and then compare the benefits and drawbacks of each.
Both bonds are solid investments that have minimal risk and virtually guarantee a return. You can’t go wrong in this situation. You can only do better.
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| Header Cell - Column 0 | I Bonds- Electronic | I Bonds- Paper | EE-Bonds |
|---|---|---|---|
| How to buy | From TreasuryDirect.gov only | Can only be purchased using your income tax refund. Use Form 8888 | From TreasuryDirect.gov only |
| Interest rate | Two rates - a fixed rate and a variable rate | Same | Rate when purchased is locked in for 20 years, It may be adjusted after 20 years |
| Row 2 - Cell 0 | The fixed rate is set on the date you buy the bond and remains the same for the entire term. The variable rate is adjusted for inflation twice a year | Same | N/A |
| Earns interest | Earned semi-yearly and added to the principal | Same | Same |
| Minimum per transaction | Electronic I-bonds: $25 minimum or any amount above that to the penny | Paper I-bonds: $50 | Same |
| Maximum purchase, per social security number | $10,000 per year of electronic bonds | $5,000 of paper bonds Paper bonds can only be purchased using a refund from your tax return | $10,000 per year of electronic bonds. These are not sold as paper bonds |
| Liquidity/Marketability | Can never be sold on the open market — only redeemed. Can’t be redeemed for the first year, and there’s a penalty (loss of last three months' worth of interest) for redeeming within the first five years | Same | Same |
| Tax treatment | Subject to federal income tax? Yes Subject to state and local income tax? No | Same | Same |
| Exclusion from federal income tax | You may not have to pay tax on the earnings if you use the money for qualified higher education expenses and you don't exceed the income limits | Same | Same |
| How to redeem | Access your TreasuryDirect account, go to ManageDirect and use the link for cashing in securities | At the bank where you have an account or by mail. Fill it out and remit FS Form 1522. If the value of the bond(s) you are cashing is more than $1,000, you must have your signature certified. Send the form and the bonds to the address printed on the Form | Access your TreasuryDirect account, go to ManageDirect and use the link for cashing in securities |
I bonds
Benefits
- Inflation protection. One of the standout benefits of I bonds is the built-in inflation protection. Because part of the interest rate is adjusted semi-annually for inflation, it can help preserve the purchasing power of your investment.
- Can buy more I bonds than EE bonds. You can buy an additional $5,000 in paper bonds with your income tax refund.
Risks
- Modest returns in low inflation. In periods of low inflation, the returns can be modest. Since the interest rate of I bonds is partly tied to inflation, low inflation can result in lower yields.
- Variable interest rates are a risk you can't discount when you buy an I bond, and it's not like you can just sell the bond when the rate falls. You're locked in for the first year.
EE bonds
Benefits
- Guaranteed returns. One of the most attractive benefits of EE bonds is the guaranteed return. The U.S. Treasury pledges that these bonds will double in value if held for 20 years, translating to an effective interest rate of about 3.5% per year over that period.
- Stability: EE bonds offer a stable, predictable return, making them an excellent choice for conservative investors.
Risks
- Lack of inflation protection: The primary risk associated with EE bonds is the lack of protection against inflation. The fixed interest rate does not adjust for inflation, meaning that if inflation rises significantly, it can erode the purchasing power of the bond's return.
- Limited yield potential: EE bonds are a secure and low-risk investment, but they also come with lower returns than riskier investments such as stocks or mutual funds. Therefore, they may not be the best choice for those seeking higher returns and willing to accept higher risk.
I bonds offer an inflation-protected return, ensuring your savings keep pace with rising costs. EE bonds, on the other hand, provide a fixed-interest rate for the life of the bond, offering a predictable return.
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Benefits of both I bonds and EE bonds:
Tax advantages. Both I bonds and EE bonds offer tax advantages, including federal tax deferral until the bond is redeemed or reaches maturity, and exemption from state and local taxes. If used for educational expenses, they may be free from federal tax as well.
Safety: As a product of the U.S. Treasury, I and EE bonds come with a high degree of safety. They are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, which significantly lowers the risk of default.
Risks of both I bonds and EE bonds:
Early redemption penalties: While you can cash in I and EE bonds after one year, if you do so within the first five years, you'll lose the last three months' interest. This penalty can reduce your returns if you need to access your money early.
Limit on purchases: There's a limit on how much you can invest in I bonds and EE bonds each year.
Current interest rates
Interest rates for EE and I bonds reset every May and November. The last reset was on November 1, 2023.
For I bonds issued from November 1, 2023 through April 30, 2024, the current rate of interest is 5.27%. This includes a fixed rate of 1.30%. Although the new rates are announced in May and November, the date when the rate changes for your bond is every 6 months from the issue date of your bond.
EE bonds issued from November 1, 2023 through April 30, 2024 bear an interest rate of 2.70%. They will earn that interest rate for the first 20 years you hold the bond and may be adjusted after 20 years.
Bottom line
I bonds, with their inflation-adjusted return, safeguard the investor's purchasing power during periods of high inflation. On the other hand, EE Bonds offer predictable returns with a fixed-interest rate and a guaranteed doubling of value if held for 20 years. Both share similar tax considerations, providing federal tax deferral and state and local tax exemption.
The fundamental difference between them is the variable inflation interest rate offered by I bonds and the guaranteed 20 year doubling for EE bonds. I bond investors enjoy great flexibility. If inflation remains high, they can retain their bonds and profit. If inflation plummets, they can swap their securities for higher-paying conventional notes. Meanwhile, those who own EE bonds are stuck.
While I bonds can offer better protection in inflationary times, EE bonds offer stability even in volatile market conditions. Their relevance in your portfolio varies with market conditions and personal investment goals.
Related Content
- How to Cash in Savings Bonds
- What Are I-Bonds?
- I-Bonds Pros and Cons
- Savings Calculator: Check How Much Your Money Will Grow
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Now, let's dive into the concepts mentioned in the article about Series I bonds and EE bonds.
Series I Bonds and EE Bonds
Series I bonds and EE bonds are popular U.S. savings bonds that offer a safe way to save. Both bonds are considered solid investments with minimal risk and virtually guarantee a return. However, there are differences between the two that can affect your decision when choosing between them.
How to Buy
- I Bonds: I Bonds can be purchased electronically or in paper form. Electronic I Bonds can be bought from TreasuryDirect.gov, while paper I Bonds can be purchased using your income tax refund by filling out Form 8888.
- EE Bonds: EE Bonds can only be purchased electronically from TreasuryDirect.gov.
Interest Rate
- I Bonds: I Bonds have two rates - a fixed rate and a variable rate. The fixed rate is set on the date you buy the bond and remains the same for the entire term. The variable rate is adjusted for inflation twice a year.
- EE Bonds: EE Bonds have a fixed interest rate when purchased, which is locked in for 20 years. After 20 years, the rate may be adjusted.
Minimum and Maximum Purchase
- I Bonds: The minimum purchase for electronic I Bonds is $25 or any amount above that to the penny. For paper I Bonds, the minimum purchase is $50.
- EE Bonds: The maximum purchase per year for both electronic and paper EE Bonds is $10,000.
Liquidity/Marketability
- Both I Bonds and EE Bonds cannot be sold on the open market. They can only be redeemed. However, there are restrictions on redeeming the bonds. I Bonds cannot be redeemed for the first year, and there's a penalty (loss of the last three months' worth of interest) for redeeming within the first five years.
Tax Treatment
- Both I Bonds and EE Bonds are subject to federal income tax but are exempt from state and local income tax.
- If the earnings from the bonds are used for qualified higher education expenses and the income limits are not exceeded, you may not have to pay federal tax on the earnings.
How to Redeem
- I Bonds: To redeem I Bonds, you can access your TreasuryDirect account, go to ManageDirect, and use the link for cashing in securities.
- EE Bonds: To redeem EE Bonds, you can either go to the bank where you have an account or send the bonds by mail along with FS Form 1522. If the value of the bonds being cashed is more than $1,000, you must have your signature certified.
Benefits and Risks
- I Bonds: One of the standout benefits of I Bonds is the built-in inflation protection. Part of the interest rate is adjusted semi-annually for inflation, helping to preserve the purchasing power of your investment. Additionally, you can buy more I Bonds than EE Bonds, with an additional $5,000 in paper bonds available for purchase using your income tax refund. However, in periods of low inflation, the returns on I Bonds can be modest, and the variable interest rates can be a risk.
- EE Bonds: One of the most attractive benefits of EE Bonds is the guaranteed return. The U.S. Treasury pledges that these bonds will double in value if held for 20 years, translating to an effective interest rate of about 3.5% per year over that period. EE Bonds also offer stability and predictable returns, making them a good choice for conservative investors. However, they lack inflation protection and may have lower returns compared to riskier investments.
Tax Advantages and Safety
- Both I Bonds and EE Bonds offer tax advantages, including federal tax deferral until the bond is redeemed or reaches maturity, and exemption from state and local taxes. If used for educational expenses, they may also be free from federal tax.
- Both types of bonds are considered safe investments as they are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, reducing the risk of default.
Current Interest Rates
- The interest rates for both I Bonds and EE Bonds reset every May and November. As of the last reset on November 1, 2023, the current rate of interest for I Bonds issued from November 1, 2023, through April 30, 2024, is 5.27%, including a fixed rate of 1.30%. The rate changes every six months from the issue date of the bond.
- For EE Bonds issued from November 1, 2023, through April 30, 2024, the interest rate is 2.70%. This rate remains the same for the first 20 years, and it may be adjusted after 20 years.
In summary, I bonds offer inflation-protected returns, safeguarding your savings against rising costs. On the other hand, EE Bonds provide a fixed-interest rate and a guaranteed doubling of value if held for 20 years. Both bonds offer tax advantages and are considered safe investments. The choice between the two depends on factors such as your investment goals, risk tolerance, and the current economic conditions.
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